The Royal Palace
When exploring the wonders of Polonnaruwa Heritage City, a must-see gem is the Royal Palace, a testament to the grandeur of King Parakumba's reign (1153-1186). This majestic edifice once stood tall as a seven-story masterpiece, a marvel that took seven years and seven months to build.
Although time and the forces of history have reduced its splendor, remnants of its former glory endure. Of the seven stories boasting a staggering 1000 rooms, only three stories, housing 55 rooms, remain. Tragically, the palace fell victim to destruction at the hands of an invader from South India known as "Maga."
Despite the ravages of time, these remaining layers of the once grand palace stand as a poignant reminder of the city's rich history and the architectural brilliance of ancient Sri Lanka.
The Shiva Devale 2
Nestled within the ancient city of Polonnaruwa stands Shiva Devale No. 2, a revered relic tracing its origins back to the South Indian Chola dynasty era. This sacred site, dating to the time of Indian invaders' reign, holds the distinction of being the city's oldest surviving building.
Unlike many structures of its time, Shiva Devale No. 2 boasts a remarkable construction entirely crafted from stone. This exceptional material choice has ensured the preservation of its original form across centuries, allowing us today to witness it much as it stood in ancient times.
A remarkable feature of this site is the statue of Nandi, Lord Shiva's revered mount, a sight that captivates visitors with its historical significance and artistic craftsmanship. As one stands in the presence of this ancient sanctuary, it's akin to peering through the veil of time, gaining insight into the architectural marvels and spiritual significance of Polonnaruwa's past.
The Audience Hall
The Audience Hall stands as a remarkable monument adorned with intricately carved stone elephants lining its walls. Renowned for its association with Parakramabahu I, this hall captivates visitors with its stunning array of unique elephant carvings, each displaying distinct features and characteristics.
Adding to its allure, the entrance of the Audience Hall boasts impressive steps, graced by majestic lion sculptures adorning the tops of each side. These intricately crafted lions serve as a testament to the exquisite craftsmanship of ancient times and add a regal touch to the grandeur of the hall.
Visitors are treated to a visual feast as they explore this historical site, marveling at the intricacy and individuality of the carved elephants while appreciating the majestic presence of the guardian lions. The Audience Hall stands as a living testament to the artistic prowess and cultural significance of Polonnaruwa's rich heritage.
The Sacred Quadrangle
The sacred quadrangle stands as a revered site adorned with several significant religious monuments, showcasing the pinnacle of architectural brilliance in the Ancient City of Polonnaruwa. At its heart lies the mesmerizing circular Vatadage, a focal point of immense visual appeal within the quadrangle.
What truly captivates the eye in this splendid scene are the four imposing Buddha statues encircling the central shrine. Their majestic presence adds an aura of reverence and spirituality to the entire complex, inviting visitors to contemplate the profound cultural and religious significance embedded within these ancient structures.
The quadrangle, with its array of sacred monuments, serves as a testament to the architectural grandeur and spiritual devotion of the era. It remains a cherished site where visitors can immerse themselves in the rich history and spiritual heritage of Polonnaruwa's ancient past.
The Swimming Pool
Nestled at the edge of the palace grounds lies the ancient city of Polonnaruwa's famed swimming pool. A unique feature of this pool is the presence of crocodile-mouth spouts that channel fresh water into its depths, adding an intriguing touch to its architectural design.
This historical pool stands as a prominent attraction within the ancient city, drawing visitors with its distinctive characteristics and historical significance. To truly appreciate its charm and ambiance, many prefer visiting in the evening, when the warm weather adds a delightful touch to the experience.
A visit to this ancient swimming pool offers not just a glimpse into the architectural ingenuity of the past, but also a chance to imagine the activities and daily life of ancient inhabitants, making it a must-see destination within the marvels of Polonnaruwa.
The Dagaba Kiri Vihara
The Kiri Vihara, translating to "milk-white," stands as a remarkable testament to ancient craftsmanship. Situated north of the Lankathilaka Pilima Ge, this grand stupa was commissioned by Queen Subadra, consort to the esteemed King Parakramabahu (1153-1186).
Notably, this stupa lives up to its name, as its original lime plaster remains in pristine "milk-white" condition even after nearly 700 years. Considered the best-preserved and unrestored dagaba in Polonnaruwa, it stands as a remarkable relic of the city's heritage.
Originally known as the "Rupavathi Stupa," this structure is an integral part of the Ãlahana Privena, reaching a height of 80 feet today. Its enduring state stands as a testament to the craftsmanship and architectural prowess of ancient Sri Lanka, inviting visitors to marvel at its well-preserved grandeur.
The Pabalu Vehera
The Pabalu Vehera stupa, ranking as the third largest in Ancient Polonnaruwa, stands as a testament to both mystery and resilience. This uniquely shaped structure, though in remarkable condition, holds an enigmatic origin that continues to intrigue historians and archaeologists.
Commissioned by a consort of the illustrious King Parakramabahu (1153-1186 AD), this stupa is now referred to as "Pabalu," translating to "beads." Its name derives from the discovery of a multitude of glass beads unearthed during excavations near the stupa.
While the stupa remains largely intact, recent events have seen the destructive hand of invaders and treasure hunters targeting the top and central sections. Despite this unfortunate damage, the enduring presence of the Pabalu Vehera stands as a testament to its historical significance and remains an integral part of Polonnaruwa's ancient legacy.
The Buddha statue at Lankatilaka
Lankatilaka Vihara stands as a symbol of the majestic ancient kingdom of Polonnaruwa. Its iconic structure includes two imposing walls that form a narrow passage, leading visitors to an awe-inspiring sight: a towering, yet headless, Buddha statue that remains steadfast.
This impressive statue stands tall at a height of approximately 14 meters, exuding a sense of grandeur and spiritual significance. Commissioned by the illustrious King Parakramabahu, this monumental creation serves as a testament to the architectural prowess and religious devotion of the era.
Despite the absence of its head, the enduring presence of the Lankatilaka Vihara and its magnificent Buddha statue continue to captivate visitors, offering a glimpse into the rich heritage and cultural significance of Polonnaruwa's ancient kingdom.
Lord Buddha figures at Gal Vihara
The Gal Vihara stands proudly as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, a remarkable testament to the artistry and spirituality of ancient Sri Lanka. Crafted during the reign of King Parakramabahu (1153-1186 A.C), this site showcases an exquisite example of Lord Buddha in solid stone.
At its heart lies a magnificent reclining Buddha sculpture, stretching an impressive 14 meters in length. This depiction symbolizes Buddha's transcendence into the state of Nirvana, encapsulating a profound spiritual moment in stone.
The sculptor behind the Gal Vihara possessed an exceptional level of skill and mastery in the art of stone sculpture, evident in the meticulous craftsmanship and intricate details of this revered monument. The Gal Vihara remains an enduring marvel, inviting visitors to witness the sheer artistry and spiritual depth preserved within the ancient stone walls of Sri Lanka.
The Rankot Vihara
The Rankoth Vihara stupa, commissioned by Nissanka Malla during his reign in the ancient city of Polonnaruwa (1187 to 1196), stands as a testament to both history and architectural grandeur. Reflecting the traditions of the Anuradhapura Maha Viharaya, this stupa was meticulously crafted to honor ancient customs.
Impressively towering at a height of 54 meters, this monumental structure is a sight to behold, symbolizing the reverence and spiritual significance attributed to such grand edifices.
Historical records suggest that the stupa was once referred to as "Ruwanweli," as evidenced by a stone inscription found in close proximity to the site. The Rankoth Vihara continues to captivate visitors with its historical significance and towering presence, preserving the rich heritage of ancient Sri Lanka for generations to come.
Polonnaruwa Tank
The Topa Tank stands as an ancient reservoir crucial for sustaining the city of Polonnaruwa. Reflective of Sri Lanka's rich history of reservoirs, this tank served as a vital water source for the ancient city, nestled on its banks.
Surrounded by picturesque landscapes, the Topa Tank offers a serene and beautiful location for sightseeing. Positioned slightly above the town, its tranquil waters remain hidden from view until one approaches its elevated banks. This feature adds a touch of surprise and wonder to the experience, rewarding visitors with a breathtaking vista as they stroll towards its shores.
As a significant part of Polonnaruwa's history and a scenic spot for exploration, the Topa Tank invites travelers to appreciate both its practical importance and its aesthetic allure within the ancient city's landscape.